Running a 0.5 Hz low pass FIR filter on the raw impedance wave will result in a measure of respiration. Reference Ernst, J. M., Litvack, D. A., Lozano, D. L., Cacioppo,…

If a BioNomadix wireless physiology signal displays dropout/flatline… On a single channel Make sure transducer/lead is firmly inserted to transmitter channel, electrodes are fully adhered, and leads are not pulling…

Cardiographic Electrode Tape is commonly used to perform noninvasive cardiac output measurements using bioimpedance. BIOPAC clip leads will connect cardiographic electrode tape (such as tape manufactured by IFM) to NICO…

AcqKnowledge offers two methods for computing phasic skin conductance from tonic. Both methods are designed to isolate relatively quick changes in the signal. In one method, the raw skin conductance data are…

On the MP10x: For unipolar recording you need as many amplifiers as you have sites to record from. For example, for 16 electrodes (not including 1 reference and 1 ground),…

If the positive and negative lead wires were merely swapped, then the signal will just be inverted (not otherwise distorted). The signal may be flipped over either with “Transform >…

Normally when you install the Adobe Flash player, you do so with a web browser. The Adobe website extracts information about your browser when you are performing this installation. Under…

Volume is computed by integrating the flow rate. Any time that data are integrated, decisions must be made about when to “re-set” the integral. That is, at some point it…

Models designed to infer stroke volumes based on changes in thoracic impedance rely on many simplifying assumptions. These assumptions are not universally valid. Consequently the relationship between measured impedances and…

First, note that HRV is always calculated. It is not measured. It is not a physical quantity. While these statements are also true of any computation of heart rate (see…

There are several possible issues. Most relate to the manner in which the power spectral density is computed. Before discussing those, a brief mention of data quality is in order.…

Heart rate can be derived from various data sources but is not a physically measurable quantity, thus it is “computed” rather than measured. A heart beat may be detected through…